Executive Summary

This is the third report in our series on European startup capitals. Paris is a leading startup hub globally and is the third-largest European center for startup development. The main factors that make Paris one of the top startup hubs include:

• Knowledge spillovers: The city is home to top universities and research institutions, and ranks high in terms of R&D expenditure.
•  Access to capital: Paris-based tech startups perform well in access to early-stage funding and crowdfunding.
•  Market reach: Paris’ metropolitan economy is one of the largest in Europe.